- 1682-1725 - Reign of Peter the Great
- 1700 - Peter the Great introduced the Julian calendar in place of the Byzantine one
- 1703 - Founding of St. Petersburg, Peter and Paul Fortress started
- 1704 - Admiralty laid down
- 1709 - Russia defeats Swedes at the Battle of Poltava during the Northern War of 1700-21, and gets access to the Baltic Sea
- 1710 - Alexander Nevskiy Monastery founded, first wooden St. Isaac’s Church laid down
- 1711 - Work begins on laying a road, which in 1788 became known as Nevskiy Prospect
- 1712 - St. Petersburg declared capital of the Russian Empire
- 1725 - Rissian Academy of Sciences founded
- 1725 - Death of Peter the Great
- 1725-27 - Reign of Catherine I
- 1727-30 - Reign of Peter II
- 1730-40 - Reign of Anna Ioannovna
- 1740-41 - Reign of Ivan YI
- 1741-61 - Reign of Elizabeth
- 1754 - Architect Rastrelli commissioned by Empress to build the Winter Palace
- 1755 - In his "Russian Grammar" Lomonosov encourage to standardize the Russian language
- 1757 - St. Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts founded
- 1761-62 - Reign of Peter III
- 1762-96 - Reign of Catherine the Great
- 1764 - Hermitage Museum established, Smolnyy Institute founded
- 1783 - Count Potemkin annexed Crimea, which secured the Black Sea coast for Russia
- 1773-75 - rebellion of Don Cossacks under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev
- 1796-1801 - Reign of Paul I
- 1796 - Establishment of censorship office
- 1801, March 1 - Paul assassinated in Michael’s Castle
- 1801-25 - Reign of Alexander I
- 1801 - Abolishment of secret police
- 1811 - The Lyceum opened in Tsarskoe Selo
- 1812-14 - Napoleon burns Moscow, then defeated by Kutuzov
- 1819 - St. Petersburg University founded
- 1820-37 - Pushkin creates his famous writings
- 1824, November 7 - The Neva reaches its highest recorded level of 3.75 meters above normal
- 1825-55 - Reign of Nicholas I
- 1825, December 14 - Decembrist's uprising
- 1826 - Re-establishment of secret police
- 1837 - Pushkin mortally wounded in duel and dies at age 38
- 1837 - Russia’s first railway line opened between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo
- 1854-56 - Crimean War with Turkey and other European powers
- 1855-81 - Reign of Alexander II
- 1860-80 - Dostoevskiy writes his great novels
- 1861 - Serfdom abolished
- 1865-1910 - Tolstoy publishes "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina" and other novels
- 1870-90 - Tchaikovsky creates "Swan Lake", "Nutcracker", "1812 Overture" and many other world-renowned compositions
- 1881 - Dostoevskiy dies at age 60
- 1881, March 1 - Alexander II assassinated
- 1881-94 - Reign of Alexander III
- 1893 - Tchaikovsky dies at age 53
- 1894-1917 - Reign of Nicholas II
- 1898 - Russian Museum opened
- 1904-05 - Russo-Japanese War
- 1905, January 9 - Bloody Sunday
- 1907 - Liberal reforms under Stolypin
- 1910 - Tolstoy dies at age 82
- 1914 - Start of World War I, St. Petersburg renamed Petrograd
- 1916 - Rasputin assassinated in Yusupov Palace
- 1917 - February Revolution, Nicholas abdicates
- 1917, October 25 - October bolsheviks seize power
- 1918 - Moscow replaces St. Petersburg as capital
- 1918 - The Julian calendar (which was 13 days later) replaced by the Gregorian calendar used throughout the world
- 1918, July 17 - Nicholas II executed by the Bolsheviks with his whole family in Ekaterinburg
- 1918-20 - Civil War and foreign intervention
- 1922 - The USSR officially inagurated
- 1924 - Following Lenin’s death on January 21, Petrograd renamed Leningrad
- 1937-38 - Mass purge by NKVD, thousands of people executed or destined to the Gulag
- 1941 - The Germans invade Russia
- 1941-44 - 900 Day Siege of Leningrad
- 1945 - Russia defeats Germany in World War II
- 1953 - Stalin dies
- 1953-64 - Khrushchev leads the Soviet Union
- 1955 - The first section of the Leningrad Metro opened
- 1961 - Gagarin, world’s first cosmonaut, started the era of space exploration
- 1982 - Brezhnev dies (ruled 1964-1982)
- 1985-91 - Gorbachev’s Perestroyka
- 1986, April 25 - Nuclear disaster at Chernobyl
- 1991 - Yeltsin elected President of Russia, Sobchak elected the Mayor of Leningrad
- 1991 - Leningrad renamed St. Petersburg
- 1991, August 19 - Putsch attempt against Gorbachev
- 1991 - Gorbachev resigns
- 1991, December 25 - The leaders of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine formally replaced the USSR with the Commonwealth of Independent States
- 1994, December - War in Chechnya begins
- 1993 - New Russian Constitution adapted
- 1996 - Yeltsin reelected President,
Yakovlev elected the Governor of St. Petersburg
- 1998, July 17 - The remains of Nicolas II and his family buried in Peter and Paul Fortress
- 1998, August - Financial crisis in Russia
- 1999, June 6 Pushkin’s birth bicentennial anniversary
- 2000, March 26 - Putin elected new President of Russia
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